Vaginal Candidiasis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

What is Vaginal Candidiasis?

Vaginal candidiasis is a common infection caused by a type of fungus called Candida. Many people know it as a yeast infection in women. This infection affects the vagina and can cause discomfort. Although it is not usually serious, it can be bothersome. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), most women will have at least one vaginal yeast infection in their lifetime.

Symptoms of Vaginal Candidiasis

Vaginal yeast infection symptoms can vary. However, most women notice some common signs. If you have a yeast infection, you may experience:

Itching or irritation in the vagina or vulva

Thick, white vaginal discharge that looks like cottage cheese

Redness or swelling around the vagina

Burning feeling, especially during urination or sex

Soreness or pain in the vaginal area

Sometimes, symptoms are mild. But in other cases, they can be more severe. If you notice these signs, it is important to pay attention and seek help if needed.

Causes and Risk Factors

Vaginal candidiasis happens when the balance of yeast and bacteria in the vagina changes. Usually, Candida lives in the vagina without causing problems. However, certain factors can allow it to grow too much. These include:

Taking antibiotics, which can kill good bacteria

Pregnancy, due to hormone changes

Uncontrolled diabetes

Weakened immune system

Using hormonal birth control

Wearing tight or damp clothing

In addition, stress and poor hygiene may increase your risk. But not everyone with these risk factors will get a yeast infection.

Diagnosis

Doctors can diagnose vaginal candidiasis with a simple exam. First, they will ask about your symptoms. Then, they may look at the vaginal area. Sometimes, a doctor will take a small sample of vaginal discharge. This sample is checked under a microscope or sent to a lab. This helps confirm the diagnosis and rule out other infections. According to the CDC, proper diagnosis is important because other conditions can cause similar symptoms.

Treatment Options

Treatment for vaginal candidiasis is usually simple and effective. Most cases are treated with antifungal medicines. These can come as:

Creams or ointments you apply inside the vagina

Suppositories (tablets you insert into the vagina)

Oral pills you swallow

Many treatments are available over the counter. However, it is best to talk to a healthcare provider before starting any medicine. Sometimes, a prescription is needed for stronger or longer treatment. If you have frequent infections, your doctor may suggest a longer course of medicine.

Prevention Tips

Preventing vaginal yeast infections is possible with some simple steps. To lower your risk, you can:

Wear loose, breathable cotton underwear

Change out of wet clothes quickly

Avoid scented soaps or sprays in the vaginal area

Practice good hygiene, but do not over-clean

Control blood sugar if you have diabetes

Take antibiotics only when needed and as prescribed

Additionally, eating a balanced diet and managing stress can help keep your body healthy. These steps may help in preventing vaginal yeast infections.

When to See a Doctor

Sometimes, vaginal candidiasis can be managed at home. However, you should see a doctor if:

This is your first yeast infection

You are unsure if your symptoms are from a yeast infection

Symptoms do not improve after treatment

You have frequent or severe infections

You are pregnant or have a weakened immune system

Early medical advice can help you get the right treatment. It can also rule out other health problems.

In summary, vaginal candidiasis is common but treatable. If you have symptoms or concerns, consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice on vaginal candidiasis.